See pchać on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odpchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przypchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wspychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zapchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zepchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "spychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zepchnąć"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pchać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pkać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pьxàti<id:push>",
"id": "push",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьxàti.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1402"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1402",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьxàti. First attested in 1402.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pchnąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "pychać",
"tags": [
"frequentative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"freq": "pychać",
"pf": "pchnąć"
},
"expansion": "pchać impf (perfective pchnąć, frequentative pychać)",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
31
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 363:",
"text": "Pungencia przicra vel pchaiøcza",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
32
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2479:",
"text": "Bedagar spik, roza polna pchøcza",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
92,
98
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 180:",
"text": "Czy ystny vyeczsche podolky nad ynsze lyvdzy noszyly a kv tem przyvyązovaly czyrnye, aby ye pchalo, yschby chodzącz byly pamyetlyvy dzyeszyączyora przykazanya",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
44
],
[
124,
133
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 830:",
"text": "Bo yako nascha zyemya rodzy tarnye pchayącze, thakyez myly Cristus przyymvyącz koroną tarnovą, barzo przykrą a barzo ostrą, pchayączą czyernym, myenyl, yze nasche bolyesczy sam on myal noszycz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
87
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 830:",
"text": "Alye podlug szvyątego Augustyna, yze svyątha glova yego [yego] slotka trudno pchayączem tarnym [ukoronowana?], boską volyą stalo szye, yze tako vkoronovan",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to prick, to puncture, to sting"
],
"id": "en-pchać-zlw-opl-verb-7fOZSd1X",
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
],
[
"sting",
"sting"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
71
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 830:",
"text": "Prze odpusczenye grzechow yest czyrpyal, ktore grzechy czlovyeka pchayą-cz albo kolyą-cz vyączey nyzly czyrnye",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to prick, to puncture, to sting",
"to prick, to puncture, to sting"
],
"id": "en-pchać-zlw-opl-verb-KIXcPjLj",
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
],
[
"sting",
"sting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to prick, to puncture, to sting",
"(figuratively, hapax legomenon) to prick, to puncture, to sting"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 13 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 15 3 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1402], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 258, Płońsk:",
"text": "Tom vczinil za iey poczøtkem, kedi mø s pecza pchala",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
62
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1402], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 188, Kościan:",
"text": "Jaco Opacz ne vderzil odlewf Jandrzea po *gambey, ale gy pchal swe roley",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1410], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1453, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne yechal na Staskow dom sylø samosothm ani yego zoni pchal nogø, pychal",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
],
[
85,
90
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1427], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume II, number 2665, Zakroczym:",
"text": "Iacom ya Pawla nye syepal any pchal samopyanth silø[…] Micolag Pawla nye syepal ani pchal samopyąth silø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 653:",
"text": "Nyektorzy z boku pchayącz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 664:",
"text": "A ony nye telko pchaly y byly, alye tez plvaly y rzygaly yemv pod noss",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
93
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 694:",
"text": "Any vymy, yesczely zyw albo yvzly vbyly, gednosmy vydzyely przez ląka Iozeff byyącz, pchayącz, syepayącz przed szye y za szye",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 701:",
"text": "Postavyly y srod domv y daly yemv dlugą chvylą stacz a tu byegayącz okolo yego y byly, y pchaly nyektorzy",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to move forcefully)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-zlw-opl-verb-ltZXOrkC",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) to push (to move forcefully)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pxat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pxat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "pchać"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pchacz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "nie pchać palca między drzwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "napchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "napychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odpychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "opchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "opchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "opychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "podepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "podpychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przepchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przepychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rozepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rozepchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rozpychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wpychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zapchać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zapychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zepchnąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "spychać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pchać się do łóżka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pchać się w ręce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:pchać",
"id": "push",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nPolish pchać\nInherited from Old Polish pchać.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nPolish pchać\nInherited from Old Polish pchać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pchnąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pcham",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pchasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pcha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pcha się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pcham",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pcha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pchają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "pchanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "pchnąć"
},
"expansion": "pchać impf (perfective pchnąć)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pchać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pchać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to move something forward by physical force)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-J~G4-aFr",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to move something forward by physical force)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "popychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to place someone or something inside something by force)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-H74SumJs",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)<to what>",
"3": ":w(acc)<into what>"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’"
],
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘to",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to place someone or something inside something by force) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wpychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "powstrzymywać"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to persuade someone to do something)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-JVkaeiOP",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)<to what>",
"3": ":ku(dat)<to what>"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’"
],
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘to",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to persuade someone to do something) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "popychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to stuff (to eat too much or persuade someone to eat too much)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-kxRKG2P-",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(acc)<into whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ accusative) ‘into whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘into",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to stuff (to eat too much or persuade someone to eat too much) [with w (+ accusative) ‘into whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wpychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to stuff (to allocate large financial resources for something)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-T~0Py3kT",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(acc)<into what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘into",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, collloquial) to stuff (to allocate large financial resources for something) [with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to cause progress in some activity)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-5VUVvHN5",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to cause progress in some activity)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "popychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to get, to hit (to strike a blow with something sharp)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-vEqvkKBv",
"links": [
[
"get",
"get"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to get, to hit (to strike a blow with something sharp)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to force something into something)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-zTWGVBou",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to force something into something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wkładać"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to do a significant part of some work, to speed up something)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-jJKB6~iW",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to do a significant part of some work, to speed up something)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to invest significant sums in something)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-ft1cvK9~",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to invest significant sums in something)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push (to send someone with a letter, parcel; also: to send a letter, parcel)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-IG4ecOvP",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to send someone with a letter, parcel; also: to send a letter, parcel)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to pierce, to stab"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-jSYKGzjq",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to pierce, to stab"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dźgać"
},
{
"word": "kłuć"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 13 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 15 3 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 20 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 25 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 12 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 5 6 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 5 6 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 3 5 8 3 3 3 5 7 4 4 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push oneself (to try to get somewhere by making one's way)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-VncRBEzW",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to push oneself (to try to get somewhere by making one's way)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cisnąć się"
},
{
"word": "przepychać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 22 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 13 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 15 3 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push oneself (to move stubbornly in a certain direction)"
],
"id": "en-pchać-pl-verb-u4h1Q8Bz",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to push oneself (to move stubbornly in a certain direction)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpxat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpxat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-at͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "pchać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish imperfective verbs",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peys-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odpchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przypchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wspychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zapchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zepchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "spychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zepchnąć"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pchać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pkać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pьxàti<id:push>",
"id": "push",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьxàti.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1402"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1402",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьxàti. First attested in 1402.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pchnąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "pychać",
"tags": [
"frequentative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"freq": "pychać",
"pf": "pchnąć"
},
"expansion": "pchać impf (perfective pchnąć, frequentative pychać)",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
31
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 363:",
"text": "Pungencia przicra vel pchaiøcza",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
32
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2479:",
"text": "Bedagar spik, roza polna pchøcza",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
92,
98
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 180:",
"text": "Czy ystny vyeczsche podolky nad ynsze lyvdzy noszyly a kv tem przyvyązovaly czyrnye, aby ye pchalo, yschby chodzącz byly pamyetlyvy dzyeszyączyora przykazanya",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
44
],
[
124,
133
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 830:",
"text": "Bo yako nascha zyemya rodzy tarnye pchayącze, thakyez myly Cristus przyymvyącz koroną tarnovą, barzo przykrą a barzo ostrą, pchayączą czyernym, myenyl, yze nasche bolyesczy sam on myal noszycz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
87
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 830:",
"text": "Alye podlug szvyątego Augustyna, yze svyątha glova yego [yego] slotka trudno pchayączem tarnym [ukoronowana?], boską volyą stalo szye, yze tako vkoronovan",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to prick, to puncture, to sting"
],
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
],
[
"sting",
"sting"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
71
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 830:",
"text": "Prze odpusczenye grzechow yest czyrpyal, ktore grzechy czlovyeka pchayą-cz albo kolyą-cz vyączey nyzly czyrnye",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to prick, to puncture, to sting",
"to prick, to puncture, to sting"
],
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"puncture",
"puncture"
],
[
"sting",
"sting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to prick, to puncture, to sting",
"(figuratively, hapax legomenon) to prick, to puncture, to sting"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1402], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 258, Płońsk:",
"text": "Tom vczinil za iey poczøtkem, kedi mø s pecza pchala",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
62
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1402], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 188, Kościan:",
"text": "Jaco Opacz ne vderzil odlewf Jandrzea po *gambey, ale gy pchal swe roley",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1410], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1453, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne yechal na Staskow dom sylø samosothm ani yego zoni pchal nogø, pychal",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
],
[
85,
90
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1427], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume II, number 2665, Zakroczym:",
"text": "Iacom ya Pawla nye syepal any pchal samopyanth silø[…] Micolag Pawla nye syepal ani pchal samopyąth silø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 653:",
"text": "Nyektorzy z boku pchayącz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 664:",
"text": "A ony nye telko pchaly y byly, alye tez plvaly y rzygaly yemv pod noss",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
93
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 694:",
"text": "Any vymy, yesczely zyw albo yvzly vbyly, gednosmy vydzyely przez ląka Iozeff byyącz, pchayącz, syepayącz przed szye y za szye",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 701:",
"text": "Postavyly y srod domv y daly yemv dlugą chvylą stacz a tu byegayącz okolo yego y byly, y pchaly nyektorzy",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to move forcefully)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) to push (to move forcefully)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pxat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pxat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "pchać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peys-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/at͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/at͡ɕ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pchacz"
},
{
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "nie pchać palca między drzwi"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "dopychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "napchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "napychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odpychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "opchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "opchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "opychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "podepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "podpychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "popychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przepchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przepychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rozepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rozepchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rozpychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "upychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wepchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wpychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wypychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zapchać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zapychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zepchnąć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "spychać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pchać się do łóżka"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "pchać się w ręce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:pchać",
"id": "push",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nPolish pchać\nInherited from Old Polish pchać.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-\nProto-Indo-European *pis-é-ti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pištei\nProto-Slavic *pьxàti\nOld Polish pchać\nPolish pchać\nInherited from Old Polish pchać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pchnąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pcham",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pchasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pcha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pcha się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą pchać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie pchać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pchały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pcham",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pcha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pchają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pchający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pchani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pchane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pchając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "pchanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "pchnąć"
},
"expansion": "pchać impf (perfective pchnąć)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pchać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pchać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ciągnąć"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to move something forward by physical force)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to move something forward by physical force)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "popychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to place someone or something inside something by force)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)<to what>",
"3": ":w(acc)<into what>"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’"
],
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘to",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to place someone or something inside something by force) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wpychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "powstrzymywać"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to persuade someone to do something)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)<to what>",
"3": ":ku(dat)<to what>"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’"
],
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘to",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to persuade someone to do something) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’; or with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "popychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stuff (to eat too much or persuade someone to eat too much)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(acc)<into whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ accusative) ‘into whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘into",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to stuff (to eat too much or persuade someone to eat too much) [with w (+ accusative) ‘into whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wpychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stuff (to allocate large financial resources for something)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(acc)<into what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘into",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, collloquial) to stuff (to allocate large financial resources for something) [with w (+ accusative) ‘into what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to cause progress in some activity)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push (to cause progress in some activity)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "popychać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to get, to hit (to strike a blow with something sharp)"
],
"links": [
[
"get",
"get"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to get, to hit (to strike a blow with something sharp)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to force something into something)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to force something into something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wkładać"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to do a significant part of some work, to speed up something)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to do a significant part of some work, to speed up something)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to invest significant sums in something)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to invest significant sums in something)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push (to send someone with a letter, parcel; also: to send a letter, parcel)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to push (to send someone with a letter, parcel; also: to send a letter, parcel)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to pierce, to stab"
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to pierce, to stab"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dźgać"
},
{
"word": "kłuć"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push oneself (to try to get somewhere by making one's way)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to push oneself (to try to get somewhere by making one's way)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cisnąć się"
},
{
"word": "przepychać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push oneself (to move stubbornly in a certain direction)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to push oneself (to move stubbornly in a certain direction)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpxat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpxat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-at͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "pchać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pchać meaning in All languages combined (29.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: figuratively, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"pchać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pchać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: figuratively, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"pchać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pchać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, collloquial",
"path": [
"pchać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pchać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, collloquial",
"path": [
"pchać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pchać",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.